Android中提供的HttpURLConnection和HttpClient接口可以用来开发HTTP程序。以下是本人在学习中的总结与归纳。
1. HttpURLConnection接口 首先需要明确的是,Http通信中的POST和GET请求方式的不同。GET可以获得静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字符串后面,传递给服务器。而POST方法的参数是放在Http请求中。因此,在编程之前,应当首先明确使用的请求方法,然后再根据所使用的方式选择相应的编程方式。
HttpURLConnection是继承于URLConnection类,二者都是抽象类。其对象主要通过URL的openConnection方法获得。创建方法如下代码所示:
URL url = new URL("http://www.51cto.com/index.jsp?par=123456"); HttpURLConnection urlConn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); |
通过以下方法可以对请求的属性进行一些设置,如下所示:
urlConn.setDoOutput(true); urlConn.setDoInput(true);
urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
urlConn.setUseCaches(false);
urlConn.disConnection();
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HttpURLConnection默认使用GET方式,例如下面代码所示:
HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream());
BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in); String inputLine = null;
while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null)) {
resultData += inputLine + "\n"; }
in.close();
urlConn.disconnect(); |
如果需要使用POST方式,则需要setRequestMethod设置。代码如下: String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp";
String resultData = ""; URL url = null; try {
url = new URL(httpUrl); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { Log.e(DEBUG_TAG, "MalformedURLException"); } if (url != null) { try {
HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConn.setDoOutput(true); urlConn.setDoInput(true);
urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
urlConn.setUseCaches(false); urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
urlConn.connect();
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream());
String content = "par=" + URLEncoder.encode("ABCDEFG", "gb2312");
out.writeBytes(content);
out.flush(); out.close(); |
2. HttpClient接口 使用Apache提供的HttpClient接口同样可以进行HTTP操作。 对于GET和POST请求方法的操作有所不同。GET方法的操作代码示例如下:
String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp?par=HttpClient_android_Get";
HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(httpUrl);
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); mTextView.setText(strResult); } else { mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); } } |
使用POST方法进行参数传递时,需要使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的参数。,另外,还需要设置所使用的字符集。代码如下所示:
String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp";
HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("par", "HttpClient_android_Post"));
HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gb2312");
httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity);
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); mTextView.setText(strResult); } else { mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); } } |
HttpClient实际上是对Java提供方法的一些封装,在HttpURLConnection中的输入输出流操作,在这个接口中被统一封装成了HttpPost(HttpGet)和HttpResponse,这样,就减少了操作的繁琐性。
另外,在使用POST方式进行传输时,需要进行字符编码。
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